Brazil Economic Development and Conserve the Environment

Introduction Brazil is the second, fifth-largest country in the world geographically and in terms of population. In this view, Brazil epitomizes on the ongoing global tension pitying biodiversity preservation against sustainable agricultural practices and economic growth.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Brazil Economic Development and Conserve the Environment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to current statistics, Brazil is a critical emerging economic power, which has a GDP of US$6040 billion and a GDP per capita of US$326.21 billion in 2004 (European Commission, 2007). The country’s environment is one of the richest in the world because of not only flora and fauna, but also because of its ecosystems, which contain an excess of 15 % of the plant and animal species known to botanists (Saxena, 2005). The country is the source of water, and also a water table of up to 12% of the availabl e freshwater worldwide Brazil is also undoubtedly one of the leading producers of food and biofuels in Latin America and globally (Ferreira, Pardini, Metzger, Fonseca, Pompeu, Sparovek, Louzada, 2012). To maintain the trend of food production, the country should try to institute measures that aim at reducing the negative effects of poor farming methods, while improving farming practices. Therefore, this paper discusses how sustainable and productive agricultural practices can be used to promote economic development and conserve the environment, and thus prevent the occurrence of vicious cycle in Brazil. Component One Vicious cycle is an agricultural problem that is facing Brazil. Ascher and Healy (1990) used this concept to demonstrate the complex interrelationships among four critical facets of socio-physical production, which are economic production, distribution of income, natural resources, and the environment. Concerning the explanation of the relationship between economic dev elopment and environmental conservation, it is clear that industrial production is the level, source, and composition of goods, and services generated by the economy at any point in time among the four facets of production. The four facets of production include functional distribution, size distribution among recipients of different levels of income, distribution of in-kind income such as government services or gratifications from an environmental quality, as well as regional income distribution.Advertising Looking for critical writing on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Available literature demonstrates that such facets of production have adverse impacts on biodiversity and the conservation of ecosystems in the country (Jain, 1998). Hence, the policymakers should incorporate environmental conservation measures into agricultural development to enhance optimization of agricultural production. Component Two In spite of the issue of vicious cycle, Brazil is on the verge of achieving long-term economic development because of effective exploitation of natural resources. According to European Commission (2007), â€Å"the dense tropical rainforest of the Amazon, the important biomes of the Savannah-like Cerrado, the arid scrublands of the Caatinga, the Pampas, and the wetlands of the Pantanal† are some of the natural resources endowed to Brazil (p. 11). Given that agricultural exports comprise about 28% of total exports, the government has prioritized agriculture as an important economic activity. However, massive deforestation, use of pesticides, application of fertilizers, and use of other agricultural chemicals threatens productivity (Ferreira, et al., 2012, p. 536). On this basis, poor agricultural practices have the capacity to ignite and perpetuate vicious cycle. Component Three Additionally, it emerges that the urge to achieve sustained economic development has catapulted pol icymakers into availing huge tracts of previously virgin land for cultivation aimed at increasing agricultural yield. Although a sizeable proportion of farmers are employing modern practices to increase acreage and agricultural output, many are still using poisonous pesticides and farming practices that contribute substantially to soil erosion and degradation. Vladas (2008) argues that policymakers in Brazil should realize that another vicious cycle between economic development and income distribution could occur in the near future as long as farmers in the North East regions of the country continue to use harmful farming practices. Consequently, one can suggest that a vicious cycle between economic development and environmental degradation has already startedAdvertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Brazil Economic Development and Conserve the Environment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Component Four In the Brazilian context, it is evident that attempts by the government and other stakeholders to enhance the country’s economic development through agricultural expansion have continued to generate a multiple environmental externalities. The government should encourage farmers to employ environmental conservation practices such as reduction of biological diversity, prevention of soil erosion in rural farming areas, conservation of watershed and natural resources, and prevention of soil and habitat degradation. Farmers should also be included in the process of implementing the environment conservation policies and good farming methods since they are the prime stakeholders in the field of agriculture (Clement, 2005). Therefore, the country must introduce conservation measures and ensure their implementation by the farmers as well as other players in the agricultural industry. Vicious Cycle The way forward for environmental policymakers in Brazil, therefore, is to put in place strong institutional policies for managing resources and ensuring the long-term sustainability of the agricultural sector. Water (2008) argues that the government, in conjunction with relevant stakeholders, must act promptly to break the vicious cycle between economic development and environmental degradation by coming up with educational and awareness programs targeting farmers who use inferior farming methods to enhance their agricultural output. Additionally, it is imperative for the government to develop clear management objectives and implementation of existing policies effectively (Carneiro Danton, 2011). Development and implementation of appropriate agricultural policies are central to sustainability of productive agriculture and in prevention of the vicious cycle in agricultural sector. Conclusion For Brazil to achieve economic development, it has to embrace the policies of environmental conservation and implement them effectively. Since agriculture is the backbone of the country ’s economy, it essential to improve productivity in a sustainable manner to support the livelihoods of farmers in Brazil.Advertising Looking for critical writing on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is noteworthy that the success of these environmental conservation measures is highly dependent on the extent to which stakeholders encourage farmers to practice good farming practices. Owing to laxity in the implementation of conservation policies results in the continuation of harmful and destructive methods of farming that are detrimental to the sustainability of the environment, and thus resulting in vicious cycle. References Ascher. W., Healy, R.G. (1990). Natural resource policymaking in developing countries: Environment, economic growth, and income distribution. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press. Carneiro, J., Danton, T. (2011). Agriculture and biodiversity in the Brazilian social Sciences: A possible state of the art scenario innovation. The European Journal of Social Science, 24(3), 225-246. Clement, A. (2005). The economics of a safe minimum standard of conservation. The  American Journal of Agriculture, 60(24), 10-18. European Commission (2007). Country strategy paper 2007-2013. Web. Ferreira, J., Pardini, R., Metzger, J.P., Fonseca, C.R., Pompeu, P.S., Sparovek, G., Louzada, J. (2012). Towards environmentally sustainable agriculture in Brazil: Challenges and opportunities for applied ecological research. Journal of Applied Ecology, 2(1), 1-23. Jain, C. (1998). Agricultural Intensification by Smallholders in the Western Brazilian Amazon. Journal of Regional Science, 15(2), 55-60. Saxena, D. (2005). Agricultural development in Uttah. The Geographer, 32(1), 20-28. Vladas, G. (2008). Conservation of Environment. Journal of Environmental Physiology  23(1), 21-32 Walter, C. (2008). Overview of India’s Agricultural Economy. Asia Pacific Development  Journal, 10(2), 15-20. This critical writing on Brazil Economic Development and Conserve the Environment was written and submitted by user Shania S. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Yellow Wallpaper Research Paper Example

The Yellow Wallpaper Research Paper Example The Yellow Wallpaper Paper The Yellow Wallpaper Paper Essay Topic: Literature The Yellow Wallpaper Escaping the jaundiced eye: Foucauldian Panopticism in Charlotte Perkins Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper, is simply just another view of the short story. In this article, John Bak describes how Gilman was isolated during her time of depression. He further implies that Gilman wrote The Yellow Wallpaper to express how she felt when she went though this postpartum depression and how her husband and Dr. Mitchell kept her locked in this room all day as they assumed this was the best cure for her disease. Bak compares this room to the eighteenth-century Panopticon after Jeremy Bentham. Bak says in paragraph three of his article that the Panopticon was created to be a cruel igneous cage which came from Michel Foucault in Discipline and Punish. In detail The Yellow Wallpaper has the same idea but instead in more detail this was a woman who was very understanding to the room that was built like a prison but she was mentally tortured by the paper on the walls, this yellow wallpaper that was described as having eyes. To Bak, this room was very much like a dungeon of some sort but had many similarities to the Panopticon. He also describes the Panopticon as being a prison under watch and in The Yellow Wallpaper, he describes the wallpaper as being a form of surveillance as this lady with all these issues automatically assumes this paper has eyes on her and is watching her every move. Was this the best idea for a current situation like this? Being isolated from the entire world while going through an illness or was this making the disease worse? Bak says that Gilman wrote this story hoping it would get to Dr. Mitchell so he would see how his idea of helping cure her was not good at all but instead it was error he mentions in paragraph 21 of his article. In paragraph 20, Bak says the cure became more of a laboratory other than a institution for help, then he closes the paragraph with agreeing words from Susan Gilbert and Susan Gubar from Panoptican saying The cure is worse than the disease. This article has a lot of comparison to symbols in it. He compares it to another story that is a very similar situation to this lady in The Yellow Wallpaper. In his comparison the yellow wallpaper is viewed as surveillance meaning the paper was watching the lady at all times and this is what caused her to just be so terrified of the paper. He even mentions throughout his article although this was suppose to be a room to help cure her but this room was more like a prison with the bars being on the windows and the bed being railed to the floor. Although the lady was in this room most of the day alone looking at this torture, he tells how her husband is there to comfort her but instead of giving a loving symbol from him he is described as an officer compared to the security officers of Panopticon. Bak describes the room as a prison but yet he says to the narrator the wallpaper is the prison because that is what she wants to be free from.

What are flexible HRM practices To what extent do such practices mark Essay

What are flexible HRM practices To what extent do such practices mark a break from Fordism and the era of mass production - Essay Example These negative features include hierarchy, standardization and an inward focus. This paper will discuss to what extent flexible HRM practices mark a break from Fordism and the era of mass production. The word flexibility itself means differently to different people. Having an employee-centered approach, not being authoritative, being anti-hierarchical, persuasive, or even empowering and considering the employees as equal stakeholders are some of the ways that ‘flexibility’ has been defined (Caldwell). Hence ‘flexible HRM is not a norm which firms follow. It is a state of mind, and the practice itself varies from firm to firm. Within an organization also, flexibility provokes mixed reaction. While some consider flexibility an employee problem, the senior management thinks of it as a cost cutting strategy. The flexible approach has also led to the evolution of self-managed teams who work closely together to achieve greater horizontal coordination across organizational divisions. Marlow (1997) contends that in the UK few HRM initiatives that are being adopted are aimed at raising employee productivity without the return of rewards. Marlow further cites that the destruction of traditional style industrial relations and the lack of industrial policy articulated by the state have led to neo-Fordism. Hence, the flexible HR practices are used to induce the labor into higher productivity. It does not form a part of the larger process of post-Fordism. Since these are not supported by technology and training, these practices become unsustainable. Further arguments arise that flexible HR practices arise due to market volatility and labour weakness, and not due to sophisticated approach to labour management. While the Fordist regime may have had structural deficiencies, flexible HR practices will lead to difficulties in attracting, gaining and retaining a skilled workforce (Fuchs, 2002). Although employees are considered to

Sociology - Asian-Americans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sociology - Asian-Americans - Essay Example Asia's products had reached the Americans from then on until eventually it reached Europe. Since 1565, economic trade among Asian countries and the United States was already existent. America's silver reached China, as well as lacquer in its American colonies and in Spain. Crops - corn and potatoes - from the United States had been transported to China to support its growing population passing through the Manila, Philippines. The galleon trade as well inhibited a connection between China and the Philippines such that the sailors from Manila to Acapulco remained and traveled to Spain's other colonies in other parts of America. Due to this continuous access to some parts of America, Filipinos, who were the first Asian settlers in the United States, established fishing and shrimping villages in bayous near New Orleans possibly as early as 1765, when they reached Louisiana. From then on, other Asian settlers followed after the Filipinos. "South Asians settled in port cities along the Eas tern seaboard by the 1780s, followed by the Chinese shortly thereafter, and Hawaiians negotiated the coasts and camps of California and the Pacific Northwest by the 1790s." (Okihiro, 2001) Initially, men were the initial settlers in the US. ... In 1778, at the same time when Captain James Cook came across Hawaii, Chinese sailors came in and immigrated as well. They too settled and intermarried with Hawaiian women. Some of the Chinese however reached the country along with the Koreans and Japanese as laborers to work on sugar plantations in the 19th century. Although there was still a large number of Chinese and Japanese began immigrating to the U.S. in the mid 19th century and worked as laborers on the transcontinental railroad. The surge in Asian immigration in the late 19th century had caused the "yellow peril", a term used to refer to the fear in the growing number of Asians in the country. ("Asian") The increasing tumult in the immigrants' respective countries was deemed as the main cause of such event in the American history of immigration before it even had its independence. "National independence failed to sever Asia's moorings within the world system and its circuits of capital, goods, labor, and culture, and political and economic refugees and migrant laborers still accompany products from Asia to Europe and North America as they did in the past. Since 1980, the rate of growth among Asian Americans far surpassed that of other groups, including whites, African Americans, and Latinos." (Okihiro, 2001) The United States' during the time that the Asian Americans were migrating into the country, America was at the same time facing its own economic and societal struggle. Along with the United States' capital deals with its systemic crisis of declining profits, the country seek out for cheaper labor that would live up to the government's infrastructural budgets. One way out of this crisis was to recruit and hire immigrants that were composed of

Master Dissertation (strategic change in aircraft maintenance company)

Master (strategic change in aircraft maintenance company) - Dissertation Example To investigate the research question a combination of secondary and primary research methodology was used. The secondary data was obtained from the already published data and the primary data was obtained through questionnaires by conducting a survey. Total 137 employees of ADAT participated in the research study however, only 96 questionnaires appeared to be completely filled. The data has been analysed by using the descriptive statistical techniques. The findings of the research suggest that efficient services of aircraft maintenance companies require resources and technical expertise. It has been identified that employee turnover has been one of the major issues of the company which directly influenced the performance of the company as a result of strategic change. Therefore, to increase the performance company needs to adopt strategies that can help it to gain sustainable growth in the industry by increasing its ability to retain highly-qualified staff and reducing costs of recru itment and selection. Based on the analysis, a few recommendations have been also given to the company. Table of Contents Abstract 2 List of Figures 5 List of Tables 5 Introduction 6 Research Background 6 Organisation Profile: Abu Dhabi Aircraft Technologies (ADAT) 11 Research Aim 12 Research Objectives 13 Research Questions 14 Research Rationale 14 Research Significance 15 Research Limitations 15 Definition of Terms and Abbreviations 16 Structure of Dissertation 17 Literature Review 18 Aircraft Maintenance 18 Financial, Auditing and Pricing 29 Human Resource Management 32 Marketing and Communication 33 Conceptual Framework 35 Research Methodology 36 Overview ofn Research Questions 36 Overview of Literature Review 36 Research Design 38 Research Methods 38 Secondary Research 38 Primary Research 38 Data Collection Tool 39 Sampling 39 Data Collection Procedure 41 Validity 42 Ethical Considerations 42 Findings and Analysis 44 Findings of Secondary Research 44 Findings of Primary Researc h 51 Conclusion and Recommendations 60 Recommendations 63 Reference 65 Appendix 74 List of Figures Figure 1 Business environment of Aircraft Business 8 Figure 2 Facility Map 12 Figure 3 Conceptual Framework 35 Figure 4 Expenditure of the Emirates 46 Figure 5 Experience 51 Figure 6 Associated with particular zone 51 Figure 7 Respondents' Association Zones 52 Figure 8 Involvement of Respondents in Maintenance Activities 52 Figure 9 Number of People Working in Aircraft Zone 53 Figure 10 Percent of Technical People in Aircraft Zone 53 Figure 11 Ranking of Organization for Maintenance Services 54 Figure 12 Perception of Employees 55 Figure 13 Performance of the Organization 56 Figure 14 Role of Training 57 Figure 15 Overall efficiency of the organization can be Improved 58 Figure 16 To improve efficiency in the Present scenario 59 List of Tables Table 1 Employee Turnover from 2008-2010 47 Table 2 Turnover Ratio 2008-2010 49 Table 3 Total Employee Replacement cost from 2008 -2010 50 Intro duction Research Background The global airline industry has net value of $467 billion which is expected to reach nearly $609 billion by 2013. The growth in the airline industry was nearly 30.4% in 2008 and growth in the global airline market was 1.8% by volume. It is expected to increase by 23.6% of the volume till 2013. There are tremendous changes observed in various factors of airline industry. Due to

Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence And Leadership Education Essay

Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence And Leadership Education Essay One What is the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and leadership? Do you see evidence of the leaders in your organizations displaying EI? Explain. Students answer Research suggests that emotional intelligence is related to several aspects of transformational leadership, such as inspirational motivation, individualized consideration (Palmer, Wall, Burgess, Stough, 2001) and idealized influence (Barling, Slater, Kelloway, 2000). Mills (2009) performed a meta-analysis of 48 studies to examine the relationship between emotional-intelligence and effective leadership. Mills found  strong evidence for the essential elements of emotional intelligence models (Bar-On, 2006; Dulewicz Higgs, 2000; Goleman, Boyatzis, McKee, 2002; Mayer Salovey, 1997) and all four components of transformational leadership. Mills suggested that emotions may be intertwined with transformational leadership skills. Based on these results, Mills asserted that emotional intelligence should no longer be considered a soft skill, but should be incorporated into leadership development programs. Several leaders in my organization exhibit the elements of emotional intelligence, as described by Goleman et al. (2002). I would also describe these leaders as effective and transformational.  Do you think that emotional intelligence is a prerequisite of transformational leadership?   References: Barling, J., Slater, F., Kelloway, E. K. (2000). Transformational leadership and emotional intelligence: An exploratory study. Leadership Organization Development Journal, 21, 157-161. Bar-On, R. (2006). The Bar-On model of emotional-social intelligence (ESI).  Psicothema, 18 (suppl.), 13-25. Dulewicz, V., Higgs, M. (2000). Emotional intelligence a review and evaluation study. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 15, 341-372. Goleman, D., Boyatzis, R., McKee, A. (2002). Primal leadership: Realizing the power of emotional intelligence. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press. Mills, L. B. (2009). A meta-analysis of hate relationship between emotional intelligence and  effective leadership. Journal of Curriculum and Instruction, 3, 22-38. Palmer, B. R.,  Walls, M., Burgess, Z., Stough, C. (2001). Emotional intelligence and effective leadership. Leadership Organization Development Journal, 22, 5-10.  Ã‚   Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P. (1997). What is emotional intelligence? In P. Salovey D. J. Sluyter (Eds.), Emotional development and emotional intelligence (pp. 3-31). New York: Basic Books. My answer. Emotional intelligence is related to leadership. Its true since the history of emotional intelligence dates back to the times of Darwins work. According to Thorndike (1920) emotional intelligence is defined as the skill of understanding and managing other people. This ability to understand other peoples feelings, fears and motivation is what leadership is all about. In the thesis of Wayne Payne a study of emotional intelligence in 1985 is first defined in terms of the traits related to leadership but the distinction between trait emotional intelligence and ability emotional intelligence is brought in at a later stage in relating personality and leadership. But in my view its true that the two are related. Reference: Thorndike, R.K. (1920). Intelligence and Its Uses. Harpers Magazine 140, 227-335. Question 2 What is the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and leadership? Do you see evidence of the leaders in your organizations displaying EI? Explain. Students answer Emotional intelligence (EI) is a competency, which is considered critical for leaders. Leaders who display emotional intelligence are more likely to have better results within the organization (Goleman, 1998). Emotional intelligence is a form of intelligence does not correlate with a technical ability or a leaders expertise.   EI is a soft skill that enables a leader to motivate a team. Many times leaders are promoted into leadership positions based on individual contributory success. They may have excelled as an individual, but are unable to successfully lead a team. According to Goleman (1998), EI is what sets the two individuals apart. Standard IQ and work experience are important abilities, however, Golemans study proved emotional intelligence to be a critical piece of leadership. This study sited that without EI, a leader will not have the ability to become a great leader. The study also correlated low EI with low performance. Leaders who scored low on emotional intelligence tests had a tendency to be terminated or move out of the leadership position voluntarily (Goleman, 1998). Our organization uses a written test called the Previsior. This is an assessment to measure an employees compatibility with our organizations culture and values. We have had frontline employees who worked for the company for 10 years, apply for a supervisory position and fail the test on a poor match for culture. When I argued the results with our human capital partner. I was told the test was not wrong, and if we deviated for one- it could be viewed as discrimination later. While I think that humans should have the ability to override the decision that a computer make- I think the computer made the right decision for that particular employee. It is a difficult story to tell as a leader though. We say that we promote from within, and then when an employee fails the test we write them off- without offering classes or assistance to pass the test in the future. Reference: Goleman, D. (1998). What makes a leader? Harvard Business Review, 76, 93-102. My answer. Its true from the works of Goleman he talks more on the links between emotional intelligence and leadership effectiveness in most of his documentations. From these documentaries although the student does not bring out the relation clearly, according to Geleman its a culture that can be adapted but brings in the issues of cultural intelligence.The researchers Alon Higgins (2005) in their research argue that Cultural intelligence is more important than IQ in a work place. It influences a persons work performance and career success. They move forward to say that emotional intelligence is not only important in our career or business but also in life and leadership. Unlike management, it is all about coping with change while cultural intelligence support this since its defined as the capability for successful adaptation to new culture and unfamiliar setting. Reference: Alon, I. J.M. Higgins. (2005) Global leadership success through emotional and cultural intelligences. Business Horizons publisher. Pp.501-512 Question 3 What is the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and leadership? Do you see evidence of the leaders in your organizations displaying EI? Explain. Students answer According to the University of Phoenix Week Seven Lecture, Emotional intelligence is a form of intelligence unrelated to technical or functional expertise. Leaders who display emotional intelligence possess a set of social skills that enable them to guide and motivate followers to achieve company goals (para. 1). Leadership is a persons ability to influence others towards achievement of a common goal. In reviewing the above description of EI, it is stated that EI is social skills that enable them [leaders] to guide and motivate followers to achieve company goals. It seems clear that if EI is not synonymous with leadership, it is extremely closed (directly synergistic). EI plays an essential and direct role in the effectiveness of leadership. Without EI, a leader is essentially not effective and unable to lead or motivate others to achieve common goals. Some of the leaders in my organization display strong EI skills, while others do not. For example, one is much better at maintaining relationships with others and has an open door policy. The other is very much task oriented and very ineffective at building or maintaining relationships. The first one is a very effective team builder, while the other demoralizes and frustrates everyone. Everyone wants to follow the first, while people only follow the other in-so-much as they have to due to his legitimate power (from his position).  Ã‚  Were it not for his legitimate power,  no one in the organization would give him the time of day.   The difference  between these two leaders has shown me the critical importance EI plays in leadership.   Reference Leadership and emotions. (2010). Retrieved from University of Phoenix website: http://classroom.phoenix.edu/afm211/secure/view-thread.jspa?threadID=22548101 My answer. Just like the first question the student has clearly stated the relationship between leadership and emotional intelligence.The only problem he does not have citations in his text to support the ideas. From the works of Salovey (1990) describes emotional intelligence as based on the ability of a leader to understand their own emotions and that of colleagues they work with. He describes three approaches to EI as trait approach, competency and emotional approach. From his text he does not shed out correctly the emotional trait of the leader he claims not to be corporative with other employees he could only be strict to his principles of leadership. Reference: Salovey, P. Mayer, J.D. (1990).Emotional Intelligence, Imagination, Cognition and Personality. Pp 185-211 Question 4 What subjects or topic areas should be included in leadership development programs in the public and private sector? Why did you select these topics? Are leadership training programs today effective? Explain. Students answer The purpose of a leadership program is to prepare leaders with practical strategies that can help them to develop personal plans for developing their leadership potential. Similar topics should be included in leadership training for both the private and the public sector leaders.   One may argue to say that government leaders need addition training in ethics, truth and transparency, but these issues are important to all leaders.  A leadership development plan should include: A strategy guide to develop full potential as leaders Identify techniques to improve your communication skills Develop strategies to manage conflict effectively Teach issues related to the delegation and evaluation of work performance by others Describe ways in which to enhance the leaders ability to cope with change, manage stress, and improve time management skills Provide strategies to improve your critical thinking skills Assist the leader in developing a plan for a rewarding career My answer What the student has presented is true. Leadership programmes remain vital even today both in public and private sectors due to the dynamic demands of management towards result appraisal and performance oriented way of leadership. All topics on leadership are meant for service delivery in leadership that a leader is an individual who is able to manage and lead others in a achieving a set goal. Just as in the case of leadership and emotional intelligence adapting to the different cultures is the important thing in delivery because different organization has got different cultures of management. I think addition of IT in leadership is a vital topic to be included with the rise of computer era in management. Question 5 Why did you select these topics? Are leadership training programs today effective? Explain. Students answer I selected these topics because, these  topics are crucial to the success of leaders within  our organization.  I also feel that  senior leaders did not provide  our middle  management team with  the tools that  are needed for progression to the next level.  Leadership training programs have  recognized needs of the leaders, but since the downturn in the economy- resources are scare and companies are looking for leaders  who can increase revenues  and produce results quickly.   These  leaders have a proven record of accomplishment and require minimal training.    Leadership is a subject that continues to be examined and even discussed in the educational system for youth. In the public and private sector there are three subjects that should be included, which are honesty and integrity. According to Wren (1998), integrity is the correspondence between word and deed and honesty refers to being truthful or non-deceitful. The two form the foundation of a trusting relationship between leader and followers. These subjects should be included because so many in leadership lack honesty and integrity. The primary leader of an organization or prominent figure shapes the morale or culture of that company, city, country, etcThe behaviors of the leader can have a great impact, thus, learning the cause and effect of being dishonest and lacking integrity should be taught. Leadership training programs are effective today, because they teach extensively how to lead others. Its only effectiveness lies in the person being trained, and what they expect to rec eive. Often times, one can have the best process that has been proven to work; however the individual can be nonreceptive. This does not mean the program is insufficient; it is the persons desire to be trained. Reference Wren, J.T. (1998). Leaders companion: Insights on leadership through the ages. New York: My answer. I agree with the write that leadership training programs are important and they teach how to extensively lead others. These training programs are important if one needs to progress to management level in an organization. The training will at the end improve the companys productivity. This is achieved by adding value to the quality of work hence bringing in new customers. This takes a company to a different level and gaining a competitive advantage over competitors.Companys spend a lot of money in researching about a specific strategic plan and also in implementing it. It would be unfortunate if the leaders are not trained to move hand in hand with these changes. This can be done through invitation of guest speakers who may talk ton whole employs to get the desired company expectations.

Charles Babbage :: Essays Papers

Charles Babbage Charles Babbage was born at Walworth, Surrey England in December 26,1791. He achieved many great feats and belonged to many very distinguished groups before he died in October 18, 1871. Many people consider him to be the grandfather of computer science due to his great works with his Difference Engine (1821), which printed tables of polynomials, and his Analytical Engine (1856), which was intended as a general symbol manipulator. These inventions were far more complex than the work of any of his fellow inventors. Although there is no evidence that the computers of today are direct descendants of his work. He grew up with a passion for how mechanical objects worked. He also was an excellent mathematician. This was discovered at an early age when he employed a tutor only to find out he knew more about math than the tutor did. He was home schooled for a good many years before entering Cambridge University in 1810 an institution where he would later hold the position of Lucasian c hair of mathematics from 1828 to 1839. His home schooling was in direct result of poor health in his youth. He was involved in many different fields of science. He was the first person to be presented the Gold Medal award given by the Astronomical Society. He was also a key figure in the founding of the Astronomical Society in 1820, the British Association for the Advancement of Science in 1831 and the Statistical Society of London in 1834. He is also the author of the very influential book On the Economy of Machinery and Manufactures. He also wrote a series of papers on many different topics such as optics and cryptology. Babbage excelled in many categories but being a politician wasn’t one of them. As a result he would not be able to persuade the government in England to give him a grant on working on the analytical engine. In Babbages early years he was quite social an pleasant to have around. In fact he was notorious for excellent dinner parties where many famous and prominent people would be in attendance. Although over the years and believed by some as a result from the death of his daughter Shelley, who drowned near La Spezia in July of 1822 and 5 years later the death of his 35-year-old wife Georgiana in August 1827 he became a very bitter old man.

The Ball Poem

Ferryman writes in his poem about depression and sadness. He uses the little boy and the ball to compare to a situation that most of us readers have experienced. The poem isn't given any specific setting; rather it has very little subjects and objects that leave us, the readers, with a wide imagination. Ferryman uses Symbolism in his poem by writing, â€Å"People will take balls, Balls will be lost always, little boy. † He is comparing the ball to some sort of irretrievable loss that he has experienced. The anguish and agony of losing something so dear to a boy is tough.Being a child, our toys are what we are most important to us. Ferryman knows the relationship between children and their toys and uses it in such ways to explicate the sorrow that this young boy is feeling. Ferryman expresses so much emotion In this poem that it's almost difficult not to feel what this young boy is feeling. â€Å"What Is the boy now, who has lost his ball,† is how the poem begins, theref ore, giving Off sense of mourning and gloom. We get this visual Image that the ball is gone, and that he boy is indefinitely saddened.Because who wouldn't be, by losing anything closest to us. Ferryman uses Imagery by saying, â€Å"l saw It go merrily bouncing, down the street, and then merrily over-?there It Is In the water! † At this point, we see that he set us up for disappointment. We knew that the ball was gone, but now It's clear to where It Is. Lost forever. Throughout, â€Å"The Ball Poem,† Ferryman Is talking about a boy, but at first it isn't known exactly who this boy might be. But at the end of the poem he uses Persona by saying, â€Å"l suffer and move, my mind and my heart move†¦With all that move me, under the water†¦ Or whistling, I am not a little boy. † All of this pain, grief, and sorrow happen to be all about him. He's stating that this boy Is Indeed a reflection of him and his life. John Ferryman experiences, â€Å"the epistemolo gy of loss. † Lonely and Isolated, he has been through a deep and dark time. Through literally elements, Ferryman expresses himself In very Intense and dramatic ways. â€Å"The Ball Poem† gave great examples of mysterious losses but losses that all of us can compare to, whether It's a ball or something more.We all have things we cherish, and we all either have or will suffer a loss. The Ball Poem By Tameness the sorrow that this young boy is feeling. Ferryman expresses so much emotion in this poem that it's almost difficult not to feel what this young boy is feeling. â€Å"What is sense of mourning and gloom. We get this visual image that the ball is gone, and that to us. Ferryman uses imagery by saying, â€Å"l saw it go merrily bouncing, down the street, and then merrily over-?there it is in the water! † At this point, we see that he set us up for disappointment.We knew that the ball was gone, but now it's clear to where it is. Lost forever. Throughout,  "The Ball Poem,† Ferryman is talking about a pain, grief, and sorrow happen to be all about him. He's stating that this boy is indeed a reflection of him and his life. John Ferryman experiences, â€Å"the epistemology of loss. † Lonely and isolated, he has been through a deep and dark time. Through literally elements, Ferryman expresses himself in very intense and dramatic ways. Compare to, whether it's a ball or something more. We all have things we cherish, and

Marketing Plan for Magnum in Vietnam Essay

Marketing can be defined as â€Å"Marketing is the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large† (American Marketing Association Board of Director) Base on this definition, Marketing is the set of activities and processes with the purpose that: satisfy the customers, clients, partners and society. In general, it can be said that marketing is the process that combine all company activities to satisfy the customers and, in the end, get profit from customer’s satisfaction. 2. Element in marketing process: Marketing process includes five elements: analysis situation, marketing strategy, marketing mix decision and implementation and control. Analysis situation is first step in marketing process. In this step, company has to collect information, data and figure to understand internal and external environment. Based on the result of the analysis, company can predict the trend of market and compute that whether its ability can adapt with the market or not. In order to carry out this step, the company can do three analyses below: PESTEL analysis: Political, Economic, Social, Technology, Ecological and Legal are five macro-economic factors. They are very important for company to evaluate the market and decide whether it can develop strongly in this market or not. SWOT analysis: This method helps company identify its strong and weakness, also the opportunity and thread. Understand these things can make company developing more stable and limit the risk. It can use the strong to limit the thread and the opportunity to improve the Strong and remove weakness. The meaning of the SWOT analysis can be described in the idiom â€Å"He who sees through life and death will meet most success† 5C analysis: 5 C means: company, customers, competitors, collaborators and Climate. In these things, â€Å"company† helps the firms understand the internal environment, and 4 other help it understand the external environment. All of three analysis methods will help company understand the situation to create the suitable strategy in marketing plan to get achievement. The second step in marketing process is marketing strategy. Of course, after finish situation analysis, company has to make strategy decision in marketing base on the analysis result. In this step, company has to identify the requirement of market and choose the suitable strategy to run business. It has to do the segmentation, the target market selection, the positioning the product and the proposition to the target market. In next step, the firm has to design tactical plan to achieve the purpose. It will make decision for the marketing mix. It includes: 4 P: Price – Place of distribution – Production – Promotion. When these things are completed, company will go to the final step: implement and controlling. Because the demand of market can change quickly, company has to monitor all the changes of market to have the change in marketing mix to adapt with the market and create the competitive advantage with competitor. Marketing process II. Marketing orientation: 1. Definition: Marketing orientation is a company philosophy aim to meet the needs and wants of customers. There are five type of marketing orientation: * Product orientation * Production orientation * Market Orientation * Sales Orientation * Social Orientation a. Product orientation: Product orientation is one of the marketing concepts, which focus on the product innovation to satisfy demand of customers. b. Production orientation: This kind of orientation focuses to the quantity of product. It existed in 1950s – the development period of industry in Europe and American. At this period, the firms make massive products to decrease the cost and product with huge quantity. The firms do not care about whether its product can meet the needs or not. This philosophy is popular in that period because it is the time which has many inventions and people have huge demand for something new and strange. The clear example for this philosophy is Ford. It produced many car in that time with just only color – black and it has many successes with this orientation. Today, this philosophy is no longer popular, but still exist in some industry that produce common product such as toothpick, CDs or DVD. c. Sales Orientation: The next orientation is sales orientation. This philosophy is applied when the company uses aggressive sales. They believe that they will make more sales and more profit when they use aggressive sales method. With these kinds of company, they will focus on promotion product and train the aggressive sales force, which helps them carry out the sale method. The good example for this philosophy should be insurance company. The disadvantage of this philosophy, same as production orientation, is that it does not focus to the customer’s requirement. It just tries to sales product as much as possible. d. Societal orientation: Societal orientation is the marketing concept that provides the long-term benefit for customers and shows its responsibility with social. The products of these companies have same features such as good for health, no harm environment and creating the long-term benefit for customers. They advertise the product through the charity activities. e. Market orientation: The last philosophy, also the main philosophy that is applied to Kinh Do Corporation, is market orientation. This orientation focuses on the customer’s needs and wants. The company produces product, which can satisfy the customer and use the customer’s satisfaction to create the profit. The benefit and cost of market orientation of Kinh Do Corporation will be discussed more in next part. 2. Evaluation cost and benefit of Market orientation in Kinh Do Corporation: As the assignment mentioned above, Market Orientation focuses on the customer’s needs and wants and the company will get profit base on the customer’s satisfaction. The relationship between customer’s satisfaction and company’s profit is shown in the chart below: As the chart shows, when the firm applies the marketing orientation, it will identify the demand of customers. After that, the firm will use the data from marketing department, and connect all the activities of company to carry out the plan, which has the purpose that satisfies the customer. When the customers are satisfied, they will create many benefits for the company, not only money, but also helps company advertise free with the word of mouth method. Kinh Do Corporation applies the marketing orientation, so it also gets the benefit from customers’ satisfaction. a. Benefits from Market orientation: The first benefit for Kinh Do when applying Market Orientation is: advertising free because of the word of mouth. With the suitable marketing plan, Kinh Do can satisfy the customers and improve the relationship between customers and company. With focus on the demand of customers, Kinh Do can improve the level of customer, from customer satisfaction to customer retention and customer loyalty. After getting success to satisfy customers, customers will loyal with Kinh Do’s product and will buy it again. Besides, they will recommend to other people about Kinh Do’s product and so, Kinh Do will have more and more customers. That is the benefit when Kinh Do wants to launch Magnum ice cream. With the huge amount of loyalty customers and retening customers, Kinh Do can easily introduce new product to the market because the loyalty customers and retention customers willing welcoming and buying any product of Kinh Do, as long as it still satisfies their demand. The second benefit is that decreasing the price sensitive. This is very important when Kinh Do wants to sell magnum in Vietnam, because Magnum ice cream is premium product, so it has higher price compare with the domestic ice cream. However, with customer loyalty and customer retention, they will not care about the price of product. If it is suitable with their payment ability, they will buy and support for this product. Last but not least, Kinh Do also can receive the long-term profit from market philosophy. When Kinh Do can satisfy the customers and keep their loyalty, Kinh Do will gain a huge market share and so, create the stable consumption network for its product. After getting profit from customers satisfaction, Kinh Do can also use the profit to invest for new technology or new plan to expand the business and create the competitive advantage with its competitors. Launching Magnum ice cream is one of the important strategies of Kinh Do to get the market share in premium ice cream market. Finally, we can see the different between Kinh Do and Vinamilk- the two biggest food, drink and beverage companies in Vietnam. Vinamilk applies the societal orientation. It advertises its product through some charity programs such as dairy budget for children in Vietnam. The market share of Ki Do – the ice cream brand name of Kinh do- is about 45,8%, equal double the market share of Vinamilk (about 20,8%). It can be seen that market orientation creates more benefit and stronger competitive advantage than other orientation. III. Effect of buyer behavior IV. Positioning:

Cross Culture Management

Cross Culture Management Introduction Culture refers to the system of â€Å"shared attitudes, values, goals and practices that characterizes an institution, organization or a group†. Culture varies from region to region, since people tend to hold different beliefs, values and attitudes across the globe. Thus, cross cultural management refers to the process through which people learn about â€Å"variations of culture, practices, and preferences of an organization’s stakeholders†.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Cross Culture Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The increase in globalization and advancement in technology in the last two decades have created growth opportunities for multinational corporations. As competition increase in domestic markets, multinational firms normally join overseas markets in order to increase their sales and market shares. Firms that operate in foreign markets (countries), usuall y serve customers with diverse cultural backgrounds. Additionally, multinational firms usually employ individuals with diverse cultural backgrounds. Managing employees from diverse cultures is a challenge since people tend to think, feel and act differently in different cultures. Besides, effective communication is normally difficult to achieve in an organization with a multicultural workforce. Thus, cross-cultural management attempts to facilitate the creation of an organizational culture that every employee can identify with. The concept of cross cultural management will be discussed in this paper by analyzing the Home Furniture case study. Cross Cultural Management Policy Home furniture is a multinational corporation operating in Europe, Asia, India and America. The company has adopted a polycentric approach to recruit its employees. A polycentric approach involves recruiting nationals of a foreign country to manage most of the operations of a subsidiary of a multinational corpor ation. Under this approach, the subsidiary tends to be autonomous and develops its own policies. At Home Furniture, nationals of foreign countries normally hold midlevel management positions. An expatriate usually heads a subsidiary of the firm in the early years. The polycentric approach is beneficial to Home Furniture since it facilitates implementation of the firm’s sales and marketing policies. Since Home Furniture’s subsidiaries develop their own marketing policies, the company finds it important to recruit locals who have adequate market knowledge. However, the use of a polycentric approach has also created problems for the company. In particular, there are cultural conflicts between the subsidiaries and the headquarters. For instance, the headquarters and the US subsidiary have different views on teamwork. Solving such cultural conflicts call for the formulation of policies that promote harmony between the subsidiaries and the headquarters.Advertising Lo oking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Additionally, cultural conflicts can not be solved through a single policy. Thus, a multi-dimensional approach should be adopted to enhance harmony in a multinational corporation. The new CEO of Home Furniture can consider the following policies as she operates and recruit staff in different countries. Given the autonomous nature of Home furniture’s subsidiaries, the new CEO should consistently follow the polycentric approach in hiring staff. Staff selection is fundamental when forming a multicultural workforce. The human resources department must focus on selecting the right individuals to hold key positions with the company. Thus, it will be important to identify the desired characteristics of the workforce. For example, the firm can focus on hiring managers who can tolerate cultural differences. The identified characteristics should be use d to screen all potential employees during the selection process. Performance evaluation should, generally, be guided by the company’s overall human resource strategy. However, the actual performance evaluation process should be based on local procedures. The managers and the local staff should agree on acceptable targets and the procedure for evaluating performance. Empirical studies reveal that comparability and costs are the main determinants of remuneration and benefits in multinational corporations. The salaries paid to the employees should be comparable, both within the firm and in the industry. Additionally, the salaries should not strain the company’s revenues. A remuneration and benefits policy that reflects the expectations of the local employees is likely to be accepted. In contrary, a remuneration policy that is based on the expectations of the headquarters is likely to be rejected since it might contravene the local labor laws, and the expectations of labo r unions. In order to promote harmony between the headquarters and the subsidiaries, the new CEO should adopt an open culture policy. An open culture policy encourages employees to accept and appreciate their cultural differences. Formulating an open culture policy requires learning about the cultures of employees in various subsidiaries. This will help the CEO and the management to identify the cultural practices that are valued by local employees. Consequently, it will be possible to adapt the organization’s strategy to the local culture. For instance, staff and unions in the US subsidiary believed in negotiating organizational matters instead of a top-down approach to decision making. In such situations, the CEO should recognize the importance of negotiations to US employees in order to avoid conflicts.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Cross Culture Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More An effect ive communication system within the organization is fundamental for the implementation of an open culture policy. The norms of communication should be established in advance to guide interaction among employees. According to Hofstede’s culture dimensions, individualism determines the extent to which employees can interact and share information about their cultures. Countries with high individualism scores are associated with little cohesion and interpersonal connection. Countries with a low individualism scores, on the other hand, are associated with strong group cohesion, respect for others and loyalty to the team. In order to promote cohesion among employees in countries with high individualism scores, the New CEO should encourage the management to acknowledge accomplishments of local staff. Additionally, â€Å"debate and expression of personal opinions† should be encouraged in order to promote understanding among the employees. Since perfect harmony can not be achie ved in a multicultural organization such as Home Furniture, the new CEO should adopt a conflict resolution policy to help in solving any conflicts that might arise between the local staff and the headquarters. The conflict resolution policy should address the following issues. First, there should be consensus on how various conflicts should be handled. Second, it must identify the parties to be involved in the resolution process. For instance, in China and Tunisia non-governmental organizations are actively involved in employees’ issues such work conditions and remuneration. In such countries, employees are likely to accept a conflict resolution team that includes members of organizations that fight for their rights. Third, the local employees and the management at the headquarters should agree on the communication channel to be used when resolving a conflict. The selected communication method should reflect the employees’ cultural make-up. Empirical studies revel that cross-cultural competency can be enhanced through effective employee training and development. Such training programs help in creating organizational cultures that take into account the cultural make-up of the local staff and the perspectives or expectations of the headquarters. A widely accepted organizational culture facilitates consistent implementation of strategy across all subsidiaries. Thus, an effective policy should be put in place to guide cross-cultural training programs at Home Furniture. The cross-cultural training policy should address the following issues. First, the policy should encourage the managers to value the cross-cultural training programs. The top managers at the headquarters should understand that training foreign employees on the parent country’s (Finland) business culture is an important strategy. Thus, accountability and ownership should be promoted in order to effectively implement the training strategy. Second, cross-cultural training should be a team effort that involves all stakeholders.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Outside experts, employees’ leaders, managers from subsidiaries and managers from the headquarters should be involved in developing the training model. Team effort will not only improve the quality of the training, but will also improve its acceptance. Third, cross-cultural training should be bilateral. This means that the employees in overseas subsidiaries should be trained on the business culture of the parent country. The employees from the parent country, on the other hand, should be trained on the business culture in foreign countries where the subsidiaries are located. Fourth, cross-cultural training should be incorporated in the process of employee orientation. New recruits at the headquarters should be trained on the business cultures in overseas subsidiaries. New employees in the subsidiaries should also learn about the business culture in Finland where Home Furniture’s headquarters is located. Finally, cross-cultural training programs should be reinforced wit h mentoring initiatives in order to ensure success. Mangers from both Finland (headquarters) and the foreign countries where the subsidiaries are located should be involved in the mentoring program. Mentoring programs promote high performance through commitment to the organization’s expectations and culture. Thus, it will encourage teamwork and tolerance to cultural differences among employees. Communication Strategy Cross cultural communication is concerned with how individuals from different cultures communicate among themselves and in other cultures. From a business perspective, cross culture communication â€Å"refers to interpersonal communication and interaction across different cultures†. Cross culture communication attempts to overcome cultural differences that prevent interaction in a multicultural workforce. Competency in cross cultural communication can be achieved through training, culture immersion and learning new languages. As a multinational corporation , Home Furniture should have an effective communication strategy to enhance interaction among the employees and to facilitate implementation of its business strategies. In developing a communication strategy for Home Furniture, the new CEO can consider the following guidelines. To begin with, developing a communication strategy starts with the formulation of the organization’s communication objectives. In this case, the objectives describe what the organization intends to achieve through its communication strategy. For instance, Home Furniture’s communication objectives could be to achieve cultural tolerance or to improve performance. The communication strategy should be driven by the needs of the organization rather than the employees’ need to communicate with each other. This means that the communication activities at Home Furniture should be a means of achieving strategic goals and objectives. This calls for aligning the communication objectives with those of the organization. Such alignments form the basis for justifying the need for a communication strategy and facilitate the success of the business. Once the communication objectives are set, the audience must be identified. In this context, the audience refers to the employees that the new CEO and other managers need to communicate with in order to achieve the objectives of Home Furniture. Identifying the correct audience helps in answering the question, ‘who should be consulted with what decisions’? Integration and cooperation in a multicultural workforce requires effective reporting relationships. Such relationships facilitate contribution of every employee towards achievement of the organization’s goals. In order to establish reporting relationships, decision rights should be identified and explained to every employee. Decision rights specify the authorities entrusted with the task of making decisions. The decision rights and reporting relationships should refl ect the cultures of the local employees. According to Hofstede’s power/distance culture dimension, some cultures tolerate inequality while others do not. A country with a high power/ distance score is likely to have citizens who tolerate uneven distribution of power. However, citizens in countries with low power/distance scores prefer equal distribution of power. Thus, in countries with high power/distance scores, decisions can be unilaterally made by the management since consultations are not valued. In this case, the management will be the audience. In countries with low power/distance scores, the management must consult as many employees as possible before making a decision. In this case, the audience may include the management and junior employees. The communication strategy should help the CEO to identify the messages to send to various managers and other employees. Strategic targeting, as well as, consistency should be emphasized when creating and conveying messages wit hin the organization. The message should be comprehensive, informative and sent to the right individuals within the organization. Hofstede developed the uncertainty avoidance index (UAI) to measure the level of anxiety under uncertain situations in different cultures. In the context of a multicultural organization like Home Furniture, uncertainty can arise if messages are not clear to the recipients. According to Hofstede, a high UAI score means that members of the society will try as much as possible to avoid ambiguous situations. Law, order and a collective truth tend to prevail in countries with high UAI scores. A low UAI score implies that citizens appreciate differences, and are less concerned with ambiguity. Thus, in countries with high UAI scores, messages should be planned, prepared and communicated regularly. Additionally, the messages should be communicated to the employees in time in order to avoid anxiety. The messages should be concise and clearly specify the expectatio ns of the management. Societies with high UAI scores tend to prefer formal business conduct and policies. Thus, all messages should be based on existing policies. Additionally, a formal structure will be necessary to convey messages in a country with high UAI scores. Societies with low UAI scores tend to prefer informal business attitudes. Risks and change are also accepted in such societies. Thus, creating and sending messages within the organization should not be based on strict rules and structures. Given the differences in uncertainty avoidance levels, the process of creating and sharing messages should be aligned to the business cultures of the subsidiaries. Appropriate tools and activities for communicating the organization’s messages should be identified. Home Furniture’s new CEO should identify the communication channels and activities that are suitable to convey important messages to the targeted audiences. The selection of appropriate communication channels i s determined by the message to be conveyed and the targeted audience. For instance, audiences from societies with a high UAI score tend to prefer formal communication channels. Audiences from societies with low UAI score, on the other hand, tend to be comfortable with informal communication channels. Understanding and embracing cross cultural differences require elimination of cultural barriers that hinder effective communication. Thus, there should be flexibility when choosing a communication channel or the communication activities to be used to convey important messages. The importance of flexibility is based on the premise that long term commitments to traditions vary across cultures. According to Hofstede, a high long term orientation (LTO) score means that people have long term commitments to their traditions. In such situations, focusing on the traditional communication channel will be beneficial to Home Furniture. However, societies with low LTO scores do not value traditions . In such situations, Home Furniture can easily change the communication channels in order to meet its strategic objectives. The CEO and the managers of Home Furniture should be open-minded and able to adapt their communication channels to prevailing cultures. Adequate resources must be allocated for the implementation of the communication strategy. Additionally, the communication strategy should be implemented within the set timelines. The idea is to avoid overspending in implementing the communication strategy. Finally, the communication strategy should be evaluated and amended accordingly over time. Communication audits should be performed in order to measure the effectiveness of the strategy. Communication audits can be performed through surveys or interviews that involve internal, as well as, external audiences of the firm. An independent or external party can be contracted to perform the audit in order to avoid biases in the evaluation process. The evaluation results should be discussed by the relevant stakeholders and used to improve the communication strategy. Conclusion Cross culture management attempts to enhance understanding and appreciation of cultural differences in organizations. Managing a multicultural workforce is usually a challenge to multinational corporations such as Home Furniture. The disagreements between the management of Home Furniture and its employees in subsidiaries across the globe are attributed to cultural conflicts. Consequently, the New CEO at Home Furniture must develop policies that will help in reducing cultural conflicts. Appropriate employment policies will help the New CEO to select employees who tolerate cultural differences. An effective cross cultural training policy will help in creating awareness about cultures of various stakeholders at Home Furniture. Additional, the training programs will encourage culture tolerance. The new CEO should also adopt an open culture policy in order to promote integration and coopera tion among employees. Promoting harmony and achievement of the organization’s objectives requires implementation of an effective communication strategy. In order to achieve success, the objectives of the communication strategy should be aligned to those of the organization. References Holden, N., 2002. Cross-Cultural Management. New York: McGraw-Hill. Johann, R., 2008. Cross-Cultural Management. New York: John Wiley and Sons. Majur, K., 2010. Positive Organizational Culture as a New trend in Cross-Cultural Management. Journal of Positive Management 1(2), pp.65-74. McCalman, J., 2009. Lateral Hierarchy: The Case of Cross-Cultural Management Teams. European Management Journal 14(5), pp.509-517. Shimoni, B., 2011. The Representation of Culture in Interactions and Cross Culture Management. Journal of International Management 17(1), pp.30-41. Thomas, D., 2008. Cross-Cultural Management. New York: Cengage Learning. Tjosvold, D., 2003. Cross-Cultural Management. New York: Ashgate Pu blishing. Usanier, J., 2011. Lenguage as a Resource to Access Cross-Cultural Equivalence in Quantitative Management Research. Journal of World Business 46(3), pp.314-319.

Part 1 of the document Gaudium et Spes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Part 1 of the document Gaudium et Spes - Essay Example He perceives it to be Vatican II’s declaration of the Church’s readiness to conduct a meaningful dialogue with the world. Marbacher holds that the biblical and philosophical foundation for this dialogue is the relationship between man and God and the relationship between men. He then describes Gaudiun et Spes’ proposals regarding the nature of this dialogue and its consequence to the Church. Marbacher points out that Gaudiun et Spes is the concrete expression of the desire of Vatican Council II to â€Å"explain to everyone how it conceives the presence and activity of the Church in the world of today† (Marbacher, 1). The pastoral constitution emphasizes that â€Å"honest dialogue† in inextricably linked with the Church’s mission to spread the gospel throughout the entire world. Marbacher indicates that the foundation for the recommended dialogue between the Church and the world is based on three factors: (1) The dialogue between God and men which is amply documented in the Bible (2) The dialogue between men which goes back to the dialogues of Socrates. (3) The dialogue between the Church and men: this is perceived by the Church to be the â€Å"eloquent proof of its solidarity with, as well as its respect and love for the entire human family† (Marbacher, 3). Gaudium et Spes recognizes that dialogue is basis of human existence , the path to a â€Å"deeper level of interpersonal relationships† (Marbacher, 2) and the essential instrument in tackling problems of culture, labor relations and world trade The purpose of the dialogue is to express the Church’s solidarity with all men, including non-believers. It is a mark of respect â€Å"to those who think or act differently than we do in social, political and even religious matters† (M arbacher, 3). It is Vatican Council II’s practical acknowledgement of the liberty of conscience and diversity. Marcbacher attempts to reconcile the Church’s position on dialogue with

History Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

History - Coursework Example ent nations were motivated to dominate other nations by the need to enlarge and control foreign trade which would serve their insatiable appetite for luxuries, such as silks and spice and they were also trying to obtain raw materials and supplementary sources of labor, passages for extra capital and markets for surplus goods. Another explanation suggests the political determinants of imperialism, according to which the nations of Europe in the 1500s were motivated to expand chiefly due to the desire to gain power, defense, and diplomatic advantages, and their desire to implement military force and compete with other European nations was served by imperialism and conquests. â€Å"Reversing causation, trade could precipitate the extension of European empire. However, European power politics (together with European technological advantages) gave a stronger impetus to imperialism.† (Aldcroft and Sutcliffe, 121) Therefore, economic and political explanations of European imperialism in the 1500s are highlighted in the analysis of the factors that drove European civilization to get involved in imperialism and conquest. However, there are other important explanations such as the explanations based on the ideological or moral motives of European imperialism in the 1500s, according to which imperialism as a missionary activity was caused by cultural or religious beliefs. Similarly, the religious explanations of European imperialism in the 1500s emphasize the desire to spread